Responsible tourism as a catalyst for sustainable tourism

Lessons from the United Arab Emirates

Authors

Keywords:

Responsible tourism, Sustainable development, Stakeholder engagement, United Arab Emirates tourism, Environmental responsibility

Abstract

This article highlights the crucial link between responsible and sustainable tourism, emphasizing how responsible practices are integral to destination sustainability. Through a comprehensive literature review, it examines conceptual frameworks, stakeholder roles, and implementation challenges, using the United Arab Emirates as a key case study with initiatives like the "Natural Wonders" ecotourism program and Dubai's Sustainable Tourism Initiative. Findings reveal that responsible tourism operationalizes sustainable development principles through four pillars: economic, social, cultural, and environmental responsibility. The research underscores the importance of stakeholder collaboration, tourist education, and digital marketing in enhancing sustainable outcomes. The UAE experience showcases both effective strategies and challenges, such as reconciling luxury tourism with sustainability, managing desert resource constraints, and addressing cultural sensitivities. Ultimately, the study asserts that responsible tourism offers a practical framework for advancing sustainable tourism development when tailored to local contexts and accompanied by strong policy support.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdellatif, H.; Hicham, B.; Karim, B. Responsible green tourism: A new path for eco-friendly tourism development. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 18, n. 2, p. 560–589, 2024.

Alvianna, S.; Hidayatullah, S.; Windhyastiti, I.; Khouroh, U. The role of green tourism perception, environmental concern and intention of participation in green tourism on environmentally responsible tourism behavior. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan (JMDK), v. 10, n. 1, p. 79–87, 2022.

Ashley, C.; Roe, D.; Goodwin, H. Pro-poor tourism strategies: making tourism work for the poor, a review of experience. [S.l.]: Pro-Poor Tourism, 2001. (Pro-Poor Tourism Report).

Baker, S. Sustainable development. London: Routledge, 2006.

Becken, S.; Hay, J. E. Tourism and climate change: Risks and opportunities. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 2007. v. 1.

Beyond Green. This new platform is making it easier for travelers to find the perfect eco hotel. Conde Nast Traveler, 2022. Available from:

Bramwell, B. et al. Research perspectives on responsible tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Abingdon, v. 16, n. 3, p. 253-257, 2008.

Bramwell, B.; Bernard, L. Priorities in sustainable tourism research. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Abingdon, v. 16, n. 1, p. 1-4, 2008.

Bramwell, B.; Lane, B.; Mccabe, S.; Mosedale, J.; Scarles, C. Research perspectives on responsible tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, v. 16, n. 3, p. 253-257, 2008.

Budeanu, A. Impacts and responsibilities for sustainable tourism: a tour operator’s perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, Amsterdam, v. 13, n. 2, p. 89-97, 2005.

Budeanu, A. Sustainable tourist behaviour – a discussion of opportunities for change. International Journal of Consumer Studies, Hoboken, v. 31, n. 5, p. 499-508, 2007.

Burrai, E.; Buda, D. M.; Stanford, D. Rethinking the ideology of responsible tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Abingdon, 2019.

Bursztyn, M.; Saito, C. H.; Mertens, F.; Mesquita, P. Sustentabilidade – um conceito que se tornou um valor societal. Sustainability in Debate, v. 14, n. 3, p. 7-12, 2023.

Camillieri, M. A. Responsible tourism that creates shared value among stakeholders. Tourism Planning & Development, Abingdon, v. 13, n. 2, p. 219-235, 2016.

Camillieri, M. A. The promotion of responsible tourism management through digital media. Tourism Planning & Development, Abingdon, v. 15, n. 6, p. 653-671, 2018.

Chan, J. K. Building sustainable tourism destination and developing responsible tourism: conceptual framework, key issues and challenges. Tourism Development Journal – An International Research Journal, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 1, p. 24-32, 2010.

Chan, J. K. L.; Marzuki, K. M.; Mohtar, T. M. Local community participation and responsible tourism practices in ecotourism destination: A case of lower Kinabatangan, Sabah. Sustainability, Basel, v. 13, n. 23, p. 13302, 2021.

Department of Economy and Tourism. 12 Steps Towards Sustainability Manual. 2018. Available from: https://www.dubaidet.gov.ae/en/newsroom/press-releases/dubai-sustainable-tourism-launches-12-steps.

Department of Economy and Tourism. Carbon Calculator Relaunch. 2023b. Available from: https://www.dubaidet.gov.ae/en/newsroom/press-releases/carbon-calculator-cc.

Department of Economy and Tourism. Dubai Sustainable Tourism Stamp. 2023a. Available from: https://www.dubaidet.gov.ae/en/newsroom/press-releases/dst-stamp-launch.

Department of Economy and Tourism. Dubai Sustainable Tourism. [s.d.]. Available from: https://www.dubaidet.gov.ae/en/about-det/initiatives/dubai-sustainable-tourism.

Department of Finance Dubai. Dubai achieves its best-ever annual tourism performance with international tourists growing by 19.4% to 17.15 million in 2023. 9 Feb. 2024. Available from: https://dmo.dof.gov.ae/en/news-and-publications/latest-press-releases/dubai-achieves-its-best-ever-annual-tourism-performance-with-international-tourists-growing-by-194-to-1715-million-in-2023/.

Drummond, J. A. A critique of the sustainable development concept – a statement. Sustainability in Debate, Brasília, v. 15, n. 2, p. 360-371, ago. 2024.

Dubai Media Office. Dubai receives 14 million international visitors in 2022. 5 Feb. 2023. Available from: https://mediaoffice.ae/en/news/2023/February/05-02/Dubai-receives-14-million-international-visitors-in-2022.

Ecomena. Water-energy nexus in the United Arab Emirates. 2023. Available from: https://www.ecomena.org/water-energy-nexus-uae/.

Elegant Emirates. The cultural practices and traditions of the UAE. 2023. Available from: https://elegantemirates.ae/unveiling-the-treasures-exploring-the-cultural-practices-and-traditions-of-the-uae/.

Emirates Green Building Council (EMIRATESGBC). Energy and water benchmarking for UAE hotels – 2016 report. 2016. Available from: https://emiratesgbc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/EmiratesGBC-Energy-and-Water-Benchmarking-for-UAE-.

Eyisi, A.; Lee, D.; Trees, K. Developing responsible tourism in emerging economies: the case of Nigeria. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, London, v. 21, n. 1, p. 94-109, 2023.

Fichte & Co Legal. Employee rights in Dubai: a guide to the UAE labor law for expats. 2024. Available from: https://fichtelegal.com/employee-rights-in-dubai-a-guide-to-the-uae-labor-law-for-expats/.

George, R. Responsible tourism as a strategic marketing tool for improving the negative image of South Africa. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, Bingley, v. 9, n. 5, p. 543-554, 2017.

George, R.; FREY, N. Creating change in responsible tourism management through social marketing. South African Journal of Business Management, Pretoria, v. 41, n. 1, p. 11-23, 2010.

Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC). Criteria, standards & certification. 2023. Available from: https://www.gstcouncil.org/.

Go Green. Dubai tourism introduces sustainability initiative to hotels of Jumeirah Group. [s.d.]. Available from: https://www.go-green.ae/dubai-tourism-introduces-sustainability-initiative-to-hotels-of-jumeirah-group/.

Goodwin, H. Taking responsibility for tourism. Woodeaton: Goodfellow Publishers Limited, 2011.

Gulf News. UAE: a global model in environmental protection. 21 July 2018. Available from: https://gulfnews.com/opinion/op-eds/uae-a-global-model-in-environmental-protection-1.61535969.

https://www.cntraveler.com/story/beyond-green-eco-hotel-portfolio.

Lansing, P.; De Vries, P. Sustainable Tourism: Ethical Alternative or Marketing Ploy. Journal of Business Ethics, Dordrecht, v. 72, n. 1, p. 77-85, 2006.

Liu, Z. Sustainable tourism development: a critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Abingdon, v. 11, n. 6, p. 459-475, 2003.

Macêdo Do Nascimento, R. C.; Marcon, P.; Sciascio Ghidini, M.; Moraes Ribeiro, R. D.; Vale De Sousa, F.; Yuri Hanai, F. Synergies among the Sustainable Development Goals: emphasis on integrating water management and tourism. Sustainability in Debate/Sustentabilidade em Debate, v. 15, n. 2, 2024.

Marin-Pantelescu, A. et al. Role of tour operators and travel agencies in promoting sustainable tourism. Amfiteatru Economic, Bucharest, v. 21, n. 52, p. 654-669, 2019.

Mathew, P. V. Sustainable tourism development: discerning the impact of responsible tourism on community well-being. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, Bingley, v. 5, n. 5, p. 987-1001, 2022.

Mathew, P. V.; Sreejesh, S. Impact of responsible tourism on destination sustainability and quality of life of community in tourism destinations. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Amsterdam, v. 31, p. 83-89, 2017.

Meadows, D. H.; Randers, J.; Behrens, W. W. The Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome’s Project on the Predicament of Mankind. New York: Universe Books, 1972.

Mihalic, T. et al. Mapping a sustainable and responsible tourism paradigm: A bibliometric and citation network analysis. Sustainability, Basel, v. 13, n. 2, p. 853, 2021.

Mihalic, T. Sustainable-responsible tourism discourse – Towards ‘responsustable’ tourism. Journal of Cleaner Production, Amsterdam, v. 111, p. 461-470, 2016.

Ministry of climate change and environment. Ministry of climate change and Environment completes phase one of National Ecotourism Project. 13 Oct. 2018. Available from: https://www.moccae.gov.ae/en/media-center/news/13/10/2018/ministry-of-climate-change-and-environment-completes-phase-one-of-national-ecotourism-project.aspx.

Mondal, S.; samaddar, K. Responsible tourism towards sustainable development: Literature review and research agenda. Trends in Asia Pacific Business and Management Research, [S.l.], p. 85-122, 2022.

Musavengane, R. Small hotels and responsible tourism practice: Hoteliers’ perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production, Amsterdam, v. 220, p. 786-799, 2019.

NCESC. Why should communities and local residents be involved in tourism planning? 2023. Available from: https://www.ncesc.com/why-should-communities-and-local-residents-be-involved-in-tourism-planning/.

Paster, P. The environmental cost of skiing in the desert? Evidence from Ski Dubai. LMU Munich, 2010. Available from: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48007/1/MPRA_paper_48007.pdf.

Purvis, B.; Mao, Y.; Robinson, D. Three pillars of sustainability: in search of conceptual origins. Sustainability Science, v. 14, p. 681-695, 2019.

Roberts, S. J.; Tribe, J. Sustainability Indicators for Small Tourism Enterprises – An Exploratory Perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Abingdon, v. 16, n. 5, p. 575-594, 2008.

Rough Guides. Customs and etiquette in United Arab Emirates. 2023. Available from: https://www.roughguides.com/united-arab-emirates/customs-etiquette/.

Ruhanen, L.; Bowles, L. Student perspectives of responsible tourism behaviour: The role of tourism education. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, Abingdon, v. 32, n. 4, p. 255-265, 2020.

Saarinen, J. Is being responsible sustainable in tourism? Connections and critical differences. Sustainability, Basel, v. 13, n. 12, p. 6599, 2021.

Saarinen, V. M. Productivity and quality of work with the Bräcke and Ecoplanter planting machines. In: NSR Conference on Forest Operations, 2004, [S.l.]. Proceedings... Silva Carelica, 45: p. 57–63.

Scheyvens, R. Tourism for development: empowering communities. Pearson Education, 2002.

Shen, S.; Sotiriadis, M.; Zhou, Q. Could smart tourists be sustainable and responsible as well? The contribution of social networking sites to improving their sustainable and responsible behavior. Sustainability, Basel, v. 12, n. 4, p. 1470, 2020.

Spenceley, A. (Ed.). Responsible tourism: critical issues for conservation and development. London: Routledge, 2010.

Sustainarabia. Sustainable waste management in UAE: a model for the future. 2023. Available from: https://sustainarabia.com/sustainable-waste-management-in-uae/.

Szczęsna, J.; Wojtanowicz, P. The role of national parks in promoting sustainable and responsible tourism. Regional Barometer. Analyses & Prognoses, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 4, p. 19-25, 2014.

UAE Government Portal. The UAE’s natural wonders. 8 Nov. 2018. Available from: https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/environment-and-energy/topography-and-ecosystems/the-uae-natural-wonders.

UAE Station. How will climate change affect the UAE? 2021. Available from: https://uaestation.com/blog/how-will-climate-change-affect-the-uae.

United Nations (UN). Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. 2015. Available from: https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda.

United Nations Educational, Scientific And Cultural Organization (UNESCO). UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014). Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 2005.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Making tourism more sustainable: a guide for policy makers. Paris: United Nations Environment Programme, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics, 2005.

United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Global code of ethics for tourism. 1999.

United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Tourism seasonality | Tool and Resources. 2023. Available from: https://www.unwto.org/sustainable-development/unwto-international-network-of-sustainable-tourism-observatories/tools-tourism-seasonality.

Wang, J.; Dai, J.; Gao, W.; Yao, X.; Dewancker, B. J.; Gao, J.; Zeng, J. Achieving sustainable tourism: analysis of the impact of environmental education on tourists’ responsible behavior. Sustainability, v. 16, n. 2, p. 552, 2024.

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Global report on inclusive tourism destinations: model and success stories. 2018.

Downloads

Published

14-07-2025

How to Cite

Badreddine, A., Larbi Cherif, H., & Sabri, A. (2025). Responsible tourism as a catalyst for sustainable tourism: Lessons from the United Arab Emirates. The International Tax Journal, 52(4), 1174–1187. Retrieved from https://internationaltaxjournal.online/index.php/itj/article/view/137

Issue

Section

Online Access