Moral Rigour in the thought of Tertullian and its manifestations in Montanism

Abstract

This paper examines a central aspect of the life and thought of the African theologian Tertullian, namely his adherence to the movement of Montanism, often labelled a heresy. This episode has generated considerable debate among scholars of early Christianity. On the one hand, some interpret it as a serious deviation from Catholic orthodoxy, a blemish on the career of a writer otherwise known for his vigorous defence of Christian doctrine. On the other hand, others argue that Tertullian’s attachment to Montanism should not be regarded merely as a rupture with the Catholic Church, but rather as the logical extension of his intellectual and spiritual convictions, deeply rooted in moral rigour and his unwavering concern for ethical discipline, which he considered the very essence of Christian faith. Exploring this issue sheds light on the broader tension within early Christianity between the institutional Church, which sought to regulate doctrine and discipline, and charismatic movements, which emphasised strict morality and personal piety.