The importance of previous studies and some of the most important criteria for their contemporary methodological classification: A general epistemological introduction

Abstract

This article explores the epistemological and methodological significance of previous studies within the framework of scientific research, emphasizing their essential role in defining, refining, and contextualizing research troubles. It proclaims that reviewing existing literature is seldom a procedural step but a foundational intellectual activity that enables researchers to situate their work within a continuum of accumulated knowledge. The study debates the definition, classification, and methodological use of research sources and references whether traditional, electronic, or field-based, and also highlights their role in identifying research gaps that drive innovation and originality. Through an analytical and critical approach, the paper presents various methods for classifying previous studies, including chronological, thematic, and methodological approaches, each reflecting a distinct dimension of the research gap (temporal, thematic, or methodological). It further examines the debate between Arab and Western academic traditions regarding the inclusion of previous studies within either the methodological or theoretical framework of research.