Cross-National analyses of venture capital taxation frameworks: An examination of prominent economies
Keywords:
Venture Capital, Taxation, Carried Interest, Capital Gains, Loss Treatment, AIF, Pass-through, International Tax PolicyAbstract
This scholarly article undertakes a comparative examination of the venture capital (VC) taxation frameworks in India, the United States, Singapore, China, Japan, Australia and the United Kingdom. By concentrating on aspects such as capital gains, carried interest, fund structures, investor taxation and loss treatment, it underscores the merits and drawbacks inherent in the taxation approach of each jurisdiction. The analysis reveals that the United States, Singapore, Australia and the United Kingdom afford a more conducive and transparent landscape for VC investment, whereas India, China and Japan encounter obstacles regarding regulatory intricacies and definitional clarity. The manuscript integrates the most recent policy reforms, regulatory modifications and overarching global trends in VC taxation as of 2024–25. It culminates with pragmatic recommendations aimed at harmonising India’s VC tax framework with established international best practices.
Downloads
References
Collins, S. P., Storrow, A., Liu, D., Jenkins, C. A., Miller, K. F., Kampe, C., & Butler, J. (2003). SOURCES OF FUNDS AND INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES OF VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDS: EVIDENCE FROM GERMANY, ISRAEL, JAPAN AND THE UK.
Coppola, A., Maggiori, M., Neiman, B., & Schreger, J. (2020). Redrawing the Map of Global Capital Flows: The Role of Cross-Border Financing and Tax Havens. In NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3751686
Don, F., & King, M. A. (1983). THE TAXATION OF INCOME FROM CAPITAL: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE U.S., U.K., SWEDEN AND WEST GERMAN.
Gilson, R. J., & Schizer, D. M. (2003). Understanding venture capital structure: A tax explanation for convertible preferred stock. Harvard Law Review, 116(3), 874–916. https://doi.org/10.2307/1342584
Henrekson, Magnus; Sanandaji, T. (2016). Stock Option Taxation and Venture Capital Activity : A Cross-Country Study Magnus Henrekson and Tino Sanandaji Stock Option Taxation and Venture Capital Activity : A Cross-Country Study ǂ (Issue 1104).
Henrekson, M., & Sanandaji, T. (2018). Stock option taxation and venture capital activity: a cross-country study. Venture Capital, 20(1), 51–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2017.1400159
Holland, K., & Jackson, R. H. G. (2011). Taxation influences upon the market in venture capital trust stocks: Theory and practice. Accounting and Business Research, 41(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2011.549633
James M. Poterba. (1989). VENTURE CAPITAL AND CAPITAL GAINS TAXATION. In NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES (Issue 2832).
Kallir, I., & Agmon, T. (2022). Tax the Eggs, not the Hen. Journal of Economics and Public Finance, 8(1), p22. https://doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v8n1p22
Kalusová, L. (2020). Analysis of the use of venture capital in Central and Eastern Europe countries. SHS Web of Conferences, 83, 01029. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208301029
Knoll, M. S. (2008). The Taxation of Private Equity Carried Interests: Estimating the Revenue Effects of Taxing Profit Interests as Ordinary Income. Willam & Mary Law Review Volume, 50(1), 115–161. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1007774
Mayer, C., Schoors, K., & Yafeh, Y. (2001). Sources of Funds and Investment Strategies of Venture Capital Funds: Evidence from Germany, Israel, Japan and the UK. Gastronomía Ecuatoriana y Turismo Local., 1(69), 01–35.
ROMAIN, A., & POTTERIE, B. V. P. D. LA. (2003). The Determinants of Venture Capital: A Panel Data Analysis of 16 OECD Countries.
Rosenberg, J. W., & Marron, D. B. (2015). Tax Policy and Investment by Startups and Innovative Firms. TAX POLICY CENTER | URBAN INSTITUTE & BROOKINGS INSTITUTION, 01–30. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2573259
Schlamp, C. (2020). Governmental venture capital – A social capital and principal- agent related examination for Belgium , The Netherlands ,. The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, 1478, 32–62.
Srinivas, H. N., & Natesh, D. M. H. (2023). Start-ups and Its Development in India. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 5(6), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i06.9762
Srinivas, H. N., & Srinath, T. K. (2024). Unveiling the Dynamics : VC Funding Trends across Software Sectors in Karnataka. Nanotechnology Perceptions, 20(7), 1979–1997.
Stewart, K. G., & Webb, M. C. (2003). Capital Taxation, Globalization, and International Tax Competition.
Teubal, M., & Luukkonen, T. (2006). VENTURE CAPITAL INDUSTRIES AND POLICIES: Some Cross-Country Comparisons. THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF THE FINNISH ECONOMY, 1006, 01–23.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 The International tax journal

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.


