The role of geographical discoveries in the transatlantic slave trade: Portugal as a case study

Abstract

This study aims to analyse the roots of slavery in Africa and its relationship to the era of geographical discovery, while highlighting the extent to which European governments, particularly Portugal, were responsible for expanding its scope, and examining its political, social and economic repercussions. The research relies on critical historical analysis through the study of relevant sources and documents. It concludes that slavery was not a direct consequence of geographical discoveries, but rather a deeply rooted phenomenon in African societies prior to European intervention. However, geographical discoveries contributed to its redirection and expansion on a global scale. The findings also demonstrate that Portugal played a pivotal role in organising the transatlantic slave trade by establishing centres to gather enslaved people and transport them to the colonies. Furthermore, the study reveals that European governments were instrumental in organising this trade within the context of systematic colonial policies. Furthermore, the study argues that the slave trade resulted from the interaction of local and international historical factors, and that its consequences persist in Africa’s social and political structures to this day.